Daoism Philosophy in the Cultures of the Koreans, Japanese and Chinese

Lewinsky Vs. Clinton Essays - Lewinsky Scandal, Monica Lewinsky

Lewinsky Vs. Clinton Essays - Lewinsky Scandal, Monica Lewinsky Lewinsky Vs. Clinton Perhaps the biggest presidential scandal since the Nixon administration came to light in January 1998. This is when the now infamous Monica Lewinsky first appeared on our television sets. The American population did not know Ms. Lewinsky until the scandal broke. After the media was informed of the activities between President Clinton and Monica Lewinsky the little known woman was instantaneously the topic of conversation all over the world. The intention of this paper is not to figure out who was right or wrong in the scandal, the reasoning behind it is to show how the mass media shapes and implements our own ideas and opinions about people. Every opinion we have is somehow related to who and what we see around us. The way that these things are portrayed on television or in magazines influences our overall attitude towards them. In many situations we have only the media to rely on when learning about certain events. Sometimes you can check more than one source to get a different opin ion, but more times than not the overall image generated by all media platforms of a person or event is very similar. In this sense it is very hard sometimes to get a fair perspective of the occurrences. The views that the American public has towards Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky have been directly affected by how the mass media portrayed each individual. Susan Douglas book Where The Girls Are is a reflection of just how controlling the mass media is over the opinions and ideas of the people that it reaches. Douglas talks about the ways in which the mass media forms an individuals character. She focuses on the effects that the media has on women as they grow-up in America. If this is true then perhaps Monica Lewinsky was shaped in such a way that she felt obligated to give in to the presidents wishes of having a relationship. After the scandal broke the media then proceeded to shape the publics opinion of Ms. Lewinsky. It is very easy for our opinions to be swayed if we know nothing about the subject or individual. One place that is near impossible to hide from the public and media is the White House. Bill Clinton has been plagued by scandal since entering the White House in 1992. As the Lewinsky scandal began President Clinton was just recovering from the Whitewater scandal. Before Lewinsky, Clinton was accused of having a sexual relationship with Gennifer Flowers while he was the governor of Arkansas. Clinton denied these reports during his 1992 campaign. However, in a deposition a few years later the president admitted to having an affair with Flowers. Paula Jones who worked for him while he was governor also sued Clinton. Jones disputed that Clinton treated her unfairly after she refused to have a sexual relationship with him. Despite these repeated scandals Mr. Clinton has maintained a fairly supportive reaction from the mainstream media. I strongly feel that Clintons lack of accountability is due to the fact that most of the scandals that he has been involved in pertain to sexual relation ships with women. The male dominated media portrays this in a lighthearted way. On the other hand, the females involved in all of these scandals have been made out to be unjust sluts looking for a big payday. Contradictory to Clintons past is that of Monica Lewinsky. Monica grew up in Beverly Hills California. Her father owned a chain of cancer treatment clinics. When researching the depictions that those close to Ms. Lewinsky have, a very different person is revealed. Monica is very, very energetic and very charismatic and has tremendous ideas and no matter what task you give her, she gets involved and goes to it, said her dad, Dr. Bernard Lewinsky. Richard Makoff, Lewinsky's former headmaster, said, I remember her being a nice kid and pretty normal young lady. The only extra-curricular activity she was involved in was chorus. Monica graduated from Lewis and Clark College in Portland, Oregon in May 1995. The following summer, Monica arrived at the White House as an intern (Aiken). The media has shown Monica Lewinsky in a totally different light than her father and

Role of HR in developing talent at work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Role of HR in developing talent at work - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that dynamic organizations try to identify the top potentials in the company and try to leverage their capabilities. It is the competence that organizations must possess for attaining a sustainable competitive advantage. There have been contradictory views regarding the contributions HR has made towards developing and managing talents. According to the findings of the research conducted by the Corporate Leadership Council (CLC), only 30% of the organizations were found to apply disciplines of managing talent apart from their regular functions like recruitment, selection, training, compensation management etc. According to another survey conducted by the same institution in 2006 on the critical skills that the HR staff must possess, the HR functions rated themselves according to the functions that they considered themselves best at applying. 41% of the organizations were of the opinion that they were best at applying methods associated with re cruiting new staffs in the organizations. The survey clearly reflected the fact that only 25% of the organizations surveyed were good at applying talent development strategies at the workplace. The tendency of HR has always been inward-looking. Also, it has been particularly over conscious of its role in adding value to businesses. According to Ulrich, when he tried to push HR towards attaining a more strategic role, people belonging to HR functions were reluctant to work in a strategic manner. Their focus was more on themselves rather than on the business. Thus issues like development of talents in the workplace with the aim of growing the business took a backseat and the emphasis was more on developing themselves independently.

The international economic scenario Research Paper

The international economic scenario - Research Paper Example The accounting requirement for businesses has also changed due to this change. Demands of stakeholders have changed when it comes to information. This is because stakeholders are also becoming global. Single investors holds portfolio of investments in many different regions of the world. Similarly companies invest in many different nations, thus the demand for accounting regulations has totally changed since the last few years. International Economy Online stock exchanges provide excess to capital to organizations from different areas of the world. A very good example would be NASDAQ allowing American firms to raise capital from as far away as Brunei. Another major reason of change in the global regulatory scenario has been the recent economic meltdown. The global economic meltdown is perceived as not only a failure of organizations ability to regulate them but also a failure of regulations and regulatory bodies. Therefore organizations are forced to look for markets beyond their hom e countries (Europe and USA) to alternate investment and capital sources. Thus in many ways the financial crisis is also forcing organizations to go more global. With going global comes the challenge of tackling many different financial systems and regulatory bodies. ... FASB is an American body credited with the formulation of GAAP i.e. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Differences The FASB is operating in a highly litigious environment and thus the GAAP are formulated to suit this environment. This is the very reason that GAAP is a more comprehensive and detailed accounting standard. This would seem a positive aspect of any accounting standard but in reality it becomes a lot difficult to implement or understand GAAP. Moreover for organizations working outside the United States it becomes even more difficult to understand the GAAP as it is closely linked with American Legal system. Similarly IASB is responsible for the formulation of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards). As the name suggests, as compared to GAAP, IFRS are simply standards rather than principles. Although apparently minor in nature, this difference totally redefines the IASB standards. This is because IFRS are more taken as more a set of broader guidelines rathe r than hard-core principles. For many years there has been a competition for dominance amongst the two reporting bodies. This race has already been won by IFRS. The structure of IFRS allows more internationally different regulatory bodies to adopt and adapt them. Thus allow them to address their own specific need and still remain understandable to users and evaluators. Therefore globally IFRS has become the global reporting standards. Emerging markets, underdeveloped economies and developed economies have all shifted to IFRS. The Unites States is also gradually shifting from GAAP to IFRS. The gradual process started with US companies being allowed to report in IFRS as per their discretion. Moreover the AICPA has announced that a gradual process would be

Nursing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Nursing - Assignment Example While some people may question the effectiveness of using group decision making in management, others have used it with the results being quite impressive. When members of a team are allowed to get involved in the decision making process, they can share various ideas, some of which are usually excellent for management. However, there are some situations in which decisions made in a group might not be as effective as they ought to be. This happens when the group members making the decisions are biased or are polarized. They tend to be subjective and not critical enough of the decisions they make. Managers working in teams should ensure that the groups they involve in decision making are as objective as they can be. This will help them avoid making polarized decisions which might end up hurting their organization. In the nursing field, it is important to involve everyone in decision making as this is the best way to come up with best practices within an institution or community. When decisions are made by a team, everyone is involved in analyzing the benefits as well as the risks involved. They can also look at some of the alternatives that they have at their disposal if they think that the action they have decided to take is too risky. Managers who involve their teams in decision making have a better chance at success since their teams are normally supportive of decisions made. Conflict is a social trait that is unavoidable according to Rahim (2002). Conflict management is, therefore, an important skill that every manager should have. However, as much as conflict comes with a negative connotation, there are some positive aspects to it. It can stimulate creativity, create opportunities and in the long run, improve performance. The question that every manager has to deal with is how much conflict should be allowed within their teams. It is not easy to develop a formula of how much conflict should be allowed within a team in a professional set-up (Rahim, 2002).

Identifying Risk of Harm to Child

Identifying Risk of Harm to Child Child Protection Scenario What indicators of risk of harm can you identify in the scenario? Georgia appears rather agitated when her brother comes to pick her up Georgia pulls away when her eldest brother Peter goes to pick her up Staff members are noticing that Georgia is seeming withdrawn from activities lately Staff members have noticed that for the past two weeks Georgia has been regressing in toilet training has been wetting her bed every day When having a conversation with Georgia she tells you how she doesn’t like when Peter comes into her room at night when she’s asleep What would you say to Georgia in response to the above conversations? What action would you take based on the scenario? Talk to your director about what you have observed and conversations you have had with Georgia. Keep written documentation on everything you have observed kept in a locked cupboard in the child’s file. Access the Mandatory Reporters Guide and answer the questions and from there it will direct you on what to do next. Always follow the correct steps and remember that best interest of the child is paramount. Protecting a child’s wellbeing is a shared issue between a number of different organisations and individuals. (Council of Australian Governments, 2010) What are the key points to remember in responding to a child’s disclosure (verbal and non-verbal)? When responding to a child’s disclosure keep your facial expressions calm and don’t act shocked. Always listen very closely, getting down to eye level and thank the child for confiding with you. Let the child know that she/he isn’t the first person this has happened to and always talk age appropriately. (Child Wise, 2012). Never ask direct questions and wait for the child to come to you first. Ensure that you don’t pass any of your own personal judgement onto the child and respond in ways that make her feel safe and that you genuinely care about her. (Briggs and Buttrose, n.d, pp. 238-239) According to the policy, outline the steps you would take in response to the situation; The Make Believe Pre-School has a duty of care and obligation to defend the child’s rights to care and protection. The Pre-School must abide by all relevant Child Protection Legislation and must have procedures in place to ensure this and by promoting child protection awareness in the community through support of parents. There are various legislative requirements that the Make Believe Pre-School management committee can use to help them to develop a framework for the protection of children and also to ensure that staff know what needs to be done in relation to child protection. Their Child Protection Policy clearly states that; All staff have the responsibility to report to Department of Community Services (DoCS) for suspected Risk of Significant Harm (RoSH). Observe and document all signs of RoSH and keep in a locked file in the childs folder Report to the authorised supervisor Refer to the MRG to determine what process to follow Ensure children know that they never deserve to be harmed or abused What record keeping and documentation would be necessary in this situation? Take extreme care that all documentation for a child at risk of significant harm is kept confidential and in a locked file under the child’s name. Observe the child closely and document any further conversations always including a clear description, date and time. Any personal opinions or judgement should not be included in documentation. (Farrell and Sheringham, n.d, p. 186). If you have any telephone conversations with outside agencies be sure conversation is on speakerphone with another person present. Consult with your director on a regular basis on the situation of the child and print off any MRG decisions and keep in a confidential folder. Identify the potential ethical concerns. How might you respond to this concern? Who would you seek support from? There is clearly a cultural and family issue in this scenario. There is also a language barrier as an interpreter is needed for the mother. This has the potential for information to be misunderstood and the correct information not to be communicated successfully. The Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF) encourages diversity and respecting cultures. Georgia belongs to two different cultures, Australian and Chinese and as educators we need to respect the diversity of the child. (DEEWR, 2009, p. 13) We also need to understand the long term concerns for the child and the family, if it is found that Georgia is being abused. The (Early Childhood Australia, 2006) Code of Ethics encourages us to learn as much as we can about the culture, customs, lifestyle and language of our children. The school should express its concerns to the Department of Education’s Children’s Wellbeing Unit or a Family Referral Service (Farrell and Sheringham, n.d, p. 191). We should seek support from the local church which the family attend, other family members, other people in the community who know the family well and a Chinese language interpreter. We must ensure that all information regarding the child remains confidential and any information passed on is on a ‘need to know’ basis. What strategies would you put in place to protect the rights of the child and maintain your professional relationship and duty of care with Georgia and her family? As the (Australian Children’s Education and Care Quality Authority, 2012), expresses in Standard 2.3, Element 2.3.4, that â€Å"every educator, co-ordinator, family dare care educator assistant and staff member has legal and ethical obligation to act and protect any child who is at risk of abuse or neglect.† Australia is a part of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and as signatories to this, we recognize that every child has the right to protection and never to be hurt by others, also to always have the best interests of the child first (The United Nations, 1989). To maintain a professional relationship and duty of care to Georgia we need to remember to never be judgemental and that Georgia knows she is respected and trusted in the Pre-School. The privacy of Georgia and her family is essential in any discussions regarding Georgia’s safety and wellbeing. If the child is deemed to be RoSH the family may not be informed of the process as it co uld cause risk to the child and it’s their interest which are a priority. As Georgia’s family has a. high status in the community there is potential for disbelief of the proposed sexual abuse. (Briggs and Buttrose, n.d, pp. 238-239). Staff are not allowed to become overly involved or emotional in this situation, follow the correct process, act when you need to and always keep information clearly documented. References Briggs, F. and Buttrose, I. (n.d). Child Protection: The Essential Guide for Teachers Other Professionals Whose Work Involves Children. Australia: JoJo Publishing. Child Wise (2012). Wise up to sexual abuse. Available at: http://childwise.blob.core.windows.net/assets/uploads/files/Online%20Publication/W iseUp_to_Sexual_Abuse_Booklet.pdf (Accessed: 26 March 2015) Council of Australian Governments (2010). Protecting children is Everyone’s Business. Available at : http://www.dss.gov.au/site/default/files/documents/pac_annual_rpt_0.pdf (Accessed: 30 March 2015) Department of Education, Employment and Workplace relations (DEEWR) (2009). Belonging, Being Becoming: The Early Years Learning Framework for Australia. Canberra: DEEWR Early Childhood Australia (2006). Code of Ethics. Available at http://www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/code_of_ethics_-brochure_screenweb_2010.pdf (Accessed: 28 March 2015) Farrell, M. and Sheringham, M. (n.d). Protecting Children and Young People: Identify and Respond to Children and Young People at Risk. Australia: TAFE NSW Divisions Resource Distribution Centre. Australian Children’s Education and Care Quality Authority (ACECQA) (2012). Guide to the National Quality Standard. Sydney, N.S.W. The United Nations (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child. Available at: http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx (Accessed: 28 March 2015) M Lyons1 of 5

Essay --

Myocardial infarction is defined as pathological myocardial cell death due to a prolonged interruption of the blood supply to the heart, leading to a permanent loss of cardiomyocytes (Kristian Thygesen et al., 2012). The impact of myocardial infarction brought about a cascade of events followed by scar formation conferring protection to the insulted heart from being ruptured due to high pressure. Although it offers cardiac protection, scar tissues are instead acellular and lack the normal biochemical properties of cardiac cell, thus enhancing the possibilities of disrupting the contractile function of the heart. These then may eventually leads to the depressed left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function of the injured heart (Joggerst & Hatzopoulos, 2009). Heart, has been considered as a terminally differentiated organ with an almost absent self-regenerative capacity back in the early days. The dogma was then broken by the findings documented on the presence of a small cluster of a clonogenic endogenous cardiac stem cell pooling within the heart. These cluster of endogenous cardiac stem cell demonstrates self-renewal capacity and multi-lineage differentiation potential suggesting that heart possess own intrinsic repair mechanism (Antonio P. Beltrami et al., 2003; Bearzi et al., 2007; Ellison, Nadal-Ginard, & Torella, 2012; Koudstaal et al., 2013). However the number of the endogenous cardiac stem cell is too low, rendering the self-repair mechanism to fail (Beltrami et al., 2001). Stem cell based therapy holds promise in participating in the myocardial regeneration replacing the lost functional cardiomyocyte in the damaged myocardium. The roles of bone marrow stem cell transplantation in myocardial therapy too, have long... ... outcome of cardiac therapy. The main idea behind this novel therapeutic approach is the possibility to constrain the limitations of the administration of stem cells in stem cell-based therapy. Taking the advantage of the conditioned medium and the benefit of paracrine signaling factors in promoting endogenous cardiac repair mechanism, we are trying to look at the best culture conditioned in terms of cell seeding density, glucose concentration, serum replacement and incubation time in order to generate conditioned medium that employs a potent paracrine signaling action that might enhance the ex vivo expansion of cardiac stem cell and potentially to be marketed as an ‘off-the-shelf’ cardiac stem cell culture medium in the near future. Yet, more effort should be considered carefully before this novel noninvasive idea is implemented in a more complex clinical setting.

Tenet Healthcare Scandal

Introduction Over the years, the healthcare industry has undergone through an exponential growth despite the tremendous market pressure. Tenet Healthcare Corporation is among the many organizations that the struggle for a position in the healthcare industry (Klaidman, 2010). However, this struggle has contributed to a series of legal and ethical scandals that have largely changed the reputation of the company. Based on theoretical and practical explanations, this paper seeks to critically analyze one of the most recent scandal involving doctors at Tenet Healthcare who carried out unnecessary heart surgeries on patients.An Overview of the Company This company was established in 1967 under the name National Medical Enterprises by three lawyers and headquartered in Los Angeles, California. In its early years, the business policy of the company was mainly focused on building and acquiring medical facilities and related services in order to address the growing medical demands in the new m arket. In the late 1980s, the company diversified into specialty hospitals such as building nursing homes, and rehabilitation centers among other developments (Klaidman, 2010). Tenet Healthcare before the scandalFollowing a series of fraud and legal troubles, the company changed its name to Tenet Healthcare Corporation in 1994 whose headquarters is based in Dallas. Tenet Healthcare operates a number of hospitals and other healthcare facilities that are mandated to provide health care services to its customers. It is essential to mention the services provided by Tenet Healthcare are conducted through its subsidiaries (Klaidman, 2010). Tenet Healthcare Corporation owns and operates 69 acute-care hospitals, which provides services to urban communities in 13 states, in the United States.Some of the services provided by the company include acute care, respiratory therapy services, clinical laboratories, operating and recovery rooms, pharmacies and intensive care (California Nurse, 2002). The involvement of the company in recent legal and financial troubles has contributed to the falling of shares of Tenet Healthcare, from over $50 a share in 1994, to $8 a share today. The involvement of the company in a number of scandals contributed to the reduced profits in the 1990s. Nevertheless, a number of hanges in the management of the company following the appointment of Jeffry Barbakow as the chief executive in 1993 contributed to the recovery of the company (Klaidman, 2010). For six years, Tenet Healthcare Corporation tried to consolidate its position in the healthcare industry by buying hospitals around the country. This move contributed to the strong recovery that saw tenet healthcare redeeming itself from a $425million loss in 1994 to a $302 million profit in 2000 (Taylor, 2005). The Unnecessary Cardiac Procedures Scandal Individuals or firms who knew about, participated in or condoned the behavior.Several individuals were linked to the scandal and specifically the ph ysicians who were recruiting patients by paying them. This means that most of the employees and especially physicians knew about the scam. Moreover, Tenet had been performing poorly in terms of finances, and this has been noted to be one of the reasons that prompted the corporation to enter into corrupt deals. During the past decade, Tenet Health Care Corporation has faced scandals pertaining to legal and financial matters. Its image had been tarnished, and thus a number of its customers were compelled to seek medical services elsewhere.Moreover, it had influenced the number of uninsured citizens and reduced employer insurance cover. This gave rise to an excess number of individuals who were unable to cater for their medical services and hence resulted in a significant drop in Tenet’s market. The scandal erupted in October 2002 following allegations from hundreds of patients who believed that many of the heart operations done to patients at the Redding Hospital, in California were unnecessary. After a series of investigation, it was found that Dr. Chae Moon and his counterpart Dr.Fidel Realyvasquez had allegedly carried out a number of cardiac procedures that were neither necessary nor indicated in the reports of over 700 patients. How was the scandal uncovered and by whom The scandal was uncovered when one of the patients, John Corapi, a 55-year old priest visited Redding Medical Center in California for a medical checkup. After consultation with Dr. Moon, Corapi was told that he needed an emergency heart bypass surgery. However, Corapi was not satisfied with the recommendation made by the two doctors (Taylor, 2005).It was at this point that he decided to seek for more opinion from five cardiologists who gave him a different answer from the one given by the two doctors at tenet Healthcare Corporation’s Redding Medical Center. According to the cardiologists, Corapi did not require a heart surgery contrary to the opinion given by the doctors at th e Redding Medical Center. After reporting his case to the FBI, the federal authorities revealed that, hundreds of medical records of surgical patients did not support the need for surgery procedures (The Spark, 2002).Furthermore, when the scandal was uncovered, it was revealed that many patients had become victims of unnecessary cardiac surgeries that left them with complications. According to Klaidman (2010), many patients suffered from a myriad of complications including stroke, heart attack and paralysis. As a result, many of the patients who had undergone unnecessary surgery now require assisted living and 95 of the patients succumbed to death. For that reason, the plaintiffs sued Tenet Healthcare Corporation for fraud, negligence, battery and elder abuse, since most of the patients ranged between 65 to 90 years of age.Additionally, the estates of the 95 patients who died sued the company for wrongful deaths (The Spark, 2002). Once the scandal was discovered, the investigation o f FBI agent led by Michael Skeen invaded Tenet’s Redding Hospital that is based in California. The FBI found out that most of the patients who were required to undergo cardiac operations had not fully qualified. In light of this, a number of the patients’ hearts were in superb condition. After the FBI's probed, it carried further probing with an aim of authenticating the validity of the truth concerning the matter before taking further action.What did they do with the information they uncovered? The information gathered by the FBI was used to sue the physician allegedly associated with the scandal. Tenet as a corporation was not charged. It gave the California State together with the federal government over $50 million (Bejjani et al. , 2006). Additionally, Tenet Healthcare also paid an additional $395 million to over 700 patients in order to settle litigation for the unnecessary surgeries (Taylor, 2005). How did the company reactedThe need to change its image led to a number of reactions from the company. First, the company reacted by stating that, it was not involved in the scandal based on the point that, it was the doctors who were responsible for healthcare and not the hospital. In this case, it implied that only the patients implicated were under investigation and not the hospital (The Spark, 2002). It can be mentioned that, the company had nurtured a culture where fraud could easily be perpetrated without any serious actions being undertaken.Following this scandal, the affected patients received their compensation. On the other hand, the company decided to sell Redding Medical Center which was later renamed Shasta Regional Medical Center (California Nurse, 2002). Despite the fact that the scandal involving Tenet Healthcare Corporation did not preclude criminal or civil charges against individuals, the company agreed to pay the fine in order to settle the allegations poised in the unnecessary heart surgery scandal. This implies that there w as no civil trial in this case.According to Currier and Eimermann (2010), civil trial refers to a court of law proceedings where the judge makes a deliberation about who wins. In this case, the judge examines the evidence provided in order to make a decision on whether the defendant should be held legally responsible for the allegations put forward by the plaintiff (s). Civil cases usually involve civilians and organizations. On the other hand, a criminal trial refers to a court of law proceeding that is intended to settle criminal cases.In this case, the government can sue a person on allegations of certain criminal activities. Additionally, the justice remains to be a principal aim of criminal trials, as opposed to civil trial, which usually seek to achieve a resolution to the dispute (Currier & Eimermann, 2010). With that said, there was no civil trial following the decision by the company to pay a fine to the government and the state of California and later an immense amount as compensation to the affected patients.Even though, this scandal was revealed in 2002, it is said that it had taken place since the early 1990s. Therefore, many people became victims of this scandal (Taylor, 2005). First, the main stakeholders were directly or indirectly affected by the allegations based on how it painted badly on the corporate image of the company. Additionally, over 700 patients and their families were subjected to emotional, psychological and financial problems. The huge charges for the heart surgery required patients to pay a lot of money in the form of medical bills (Klaidman, 2010).The shareholders were also affected because the share of the company dropped from $50 per share in 1994 to $8 in 2002. Lastly, the competitiveness and professional qualifications of the two doctors were also questioned thus making it difficult for them to secure employment in the future (The Spark, 2002). The case of Tenet Healthcare Corporation signifies the negative implications of scandals on the management of an organization. As mentioned earlier, the company has been burdened by financial and legal troubles due to its involvement in a number of fraud and scandals.In the end, the company suffered from the loss of public trust, investors’ confidence and dwindling financial performance. The future of the company depends on how it will use its past in order to redesign its present as the second largest company in the US healthcare industry. How much money did the plaintiffs receive, other agreements As mentioned, reimbursement was made available to the government, patients and their loved ones. Towards the end of 2004, Tenet agreed that it would pay the patients who had been victims of the unnecessary heart surgeries over $395 million. Do you feel it was fair?There have been many instances of corporations deciding to continue unsafe practice because they calculate that not all of the number of people injured will bring legal action. Furthermore, the peo ple who sue are not guaranteed a victory in court or can be settled out of court, for far less than a jury will award. With that said, no amount of money can bring the dead back. I think that the amount was not a fair one due to the fact that those doctors knew what they were doing. I do not agree with the reimbursement and I do not think the amount was fair because the families of the victims had to face a lot of pain.Some of the pain and suffering: Immediate expenses associated with the death (medical & funeral), mental anguish to the survivors, Companionship, Loss of care and Loss of earnings in the future. Background Tenet Healthcare formerly was named National Medical Enterprises, ranks as the second largest hospital chain in the United States. The organization owns about 114 acute care hospitals and related businesses in 16 states. Boasting with over 57, 000 active personnel and over 13, 000 certified hospital beds, Tenet Healthcare Company is a force in the United States†™ healthcare delivery industry.Awarding doctors with financial incentives as payment for their support has been ruled out under the state’s stark laws; however, the marketplace cites this as a necessary form of clinching and maintaining that support. Tenet’s hospitals stand accused of paying doctors for referring clients to them as a means of keeping their support. Illegal behavior The illegal behavior was its defrauding of its stakeholders who came to seek medical treatment (Wynne, 2008). The doctors admitted excessive numbers of patients being fully aware that their capacity was lower.The doctors were also aware of the poor conditions in the hospitals but still went ahead to admit patients. In what type of court was Tenet Healthcare tried? The Tenet Healthcare scandal trial took place at the Supreme Court of Appeal in St. Louis Indiana, (circuit court) (Browers, 2012 & The Federal Reporter. , 1997). All the trials including subsequent appeals took place in Court of Appeals, in St. Luis, Indiana; United State The case was forwarded to the superior court in San Diego under the presiding attorney, Carol C. Lam where Tenet subsidiaries were indicted, while Nazaryan’s case was filed in the U.S. District Court (Wynne, 2007). After the case broke out, The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) broke into one of Tenet’s hospitals in San Diego, the Alvarado Hospital, and charged its administrator of 10 years. The charges were brought against Tenet Healthcare In the original indictment, Tenet Healthcare was aptly accused of fraud that was inclusive of illegally admitting psychiatric patients to the institutes and hiking their charges (inflating the cost of admission and administration of medicine (Wynne, 2007). Provide key details about the trial and provide a timeline of key trial events.After the raiding of the Redding hospital by the FBI agents in October 2002, it was revealed that Tenet Healthcare Corporation performed inappropriate an d unnecessary surgeries on patients and also overbilled patients beyond the standard Medicare rates. As a result, a legal suit was initiated against the Corporations. The trial pitted Federal government of the United States versus Tenet Healthcare Corporations. As alleged by the government, the Corporations admitted patients who did not qualify for admission in rehab facilities.This took place between May 15 2005 and December 31 2007. Besides this inappropriate admission, they were charged with soliciting high Rehabilitation fees. This was the qui tam claim that allowed William Meshel and Man Tai to establish a legal suit against the Corporation on behalf of the Federal government. In May 2006, Tenet went to court to dismiss these claims. Did Tenet Healthcare enter into a plea bargaining agreement? If so, to what charges did he/she plead guilty? If not, what were the final charges? Did they differ from those in the original indictment?What was the verdict? After the government dismi ssed the claims of the appellant since they had zero impact on the pre-existing investigations of the government, an agreement bargain was reached with the government but the other suit remained pending. The other settlement between the government and Tenet Healthcare concerned 165 hospitals nationwide. A summary judgment was moved on April 2007, which included the appellant as the original source of the case. The summary judgment was made in favor of the Federal government.As a result, Tenet accepted to pay the fines of overbilling of Medicare within its facilities after pleading guilty to the charges. What was the sentence? Did you feel it was fair? Justify our position. Tenet Corporation was guilty of overbilling, but the appellant who established the suit were unqualified to do so on the terms of qui tam. This was simply because they did not possess independent and original knowledge of Tenet’s fraudulent activities and practices in Medicare. Consequently, Tenet had under taken the responsibility of reparations of damages to both the government and its patients.This sentence was not fair. Tenet had more liabilities on top of Medicare overbilling. A large number of its patients died due to unnecessary surgeries and rehabilitations. The appellant, acting in the public interest, had the right to make their case heard for justice to be done, something which the district court denied and dismissed. Did they differ from those in the original indictment? What was the verdict? They did not differ much from the original indictment in that they were the same issues that were evidenced in the first indictment; overbilling and malpractice.The verdict was arrived at after Tenet pleaded guilty of overbilling its Medicare and admitting stable patients into the rehabilitation facilities. Tenet Healthcare Corporation was, therefore, found guilty of overbilling its medical services. It was also found that the qui tam of the two appellants was not tenable due to the fa ct that they were not the primary source of such information. The information was already in the public domain when they moved to court. Did Tenet Healthcare appeal? If so, on what grounds did he/she base the appeal?Tenet Healthcare corporations did not appeal in this case since it had passed a compromise with the government to pay the fines, an action that was supposed to redeem the image of the health care sector and to serve justice to the victims. Did Tenet Healthcare have mens rea and actus Reus? Justify your position Yes. This is because they had agreed to settle the fine, which is a sign of accepting that their activities were not acceptable and went against the law. They, therefore, accepted the liability of their ‘profit-driven actions.The general basis for imposing liability in criminal law is that the defendant must be proved to have committed a guilty act whilst having had a guilty state of mind. The physical elements are collectively called the actus Reus and the accompanied mental state is called the mens rea. Moreover, it is the fundamental duty of the prosecution to prove both of these elements of the offense to the satisfaction of the judge or jury beyond reasonable doubt. In the absence of such proof, the defendant will be acquitted.According to Cheeseman (2010) actus Reus is guilty act, which is the actual performance of a criminal act and mens rea is evil intent the possession of the requisite state of mind to commit a prohibited act. What constitutional protections do your subjects have? Equal protection and right to appeal for the accused and plaintiff, by the case brought against either party (Mann, 2008). The Tenet criminal trial encompasses several cases and conspiracies charged against the Tenet Healthcare Corporation. References Brown, G. (2012). The trait & style approach to leadership. Houston Chronicle.Retrievedfrom http://smallbusiness. chron. com/trait-style-approach-leadership-21103. html Cashen, L. H. (2009). Pressures f or the creation of a more independent board of directors inthe post-restructuring period. Academy of Accounting & Financial Studies Journal,1357-72. DATAMONITOR: Tenet Healthcare Corporation. (2011). Tenet Healthcare CorporationSWOT Analysis, 1-8. Jackson, R. A. (2009). Keeping your reputation clean. Internal Auditor, 65(3), 38. Jones, D. (2007). Combining Disciplines: Making the Connection between Compliance, Risk,and Quality Management. Journal of Health Care Compliance, 5-12.Lievens, F. , Geit, P. , & Coetsier, P. (1997). Identification of transformational leadershipqualities: An examination of potential biases. European Journal of Work andOrganizational Psychology, 6(4), 415-430. Reiman, T. , & Oedewald, P. (2002). The assessment of organizational culture: Amethodological study. Retrieved fromhttp://www. vtt. fi/inf/pdf/tiedotteet/2002/T2140. pdf Rundle, R. L. (2008). Worst 5-Year Performer: Tenet Healthcare. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online. wsj. com/article/SB 120371036978986415. html Tenet Agrees to Settle Lawsuits with Cardiac Patients. 2005). hfm (Healthcare FinancialManagement), 59(2), 27. Tenet Healthcare Corporation. (2008). Tenet Healthcare Corporation SWOT Analysis, 1-9. Tenet Healthcare scandal: Part of a health care system that kills for profits. (2002). Spark. Retrieved from http://the-spark. net/np692605. html Tenet Health System Medical. (2012). Mission and values. Retrieved fromhttp://www. tenethealth. com/about/pages/missionandvalues. aspx Vrana, D. (2003). Barbakow Quits as Tenet's CEO. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved fromhttp://articles. latimes. com/2003/may/28/business/fi-tenet28 California Nurse, (2002).Tenet Healthcare: the seamy side of a dysfunctional system. California Nurse, 98(8):6-8. Currier, K. A. , & Eimermann, T. E. , (2010). Introduction to paralegal studies: a criticalthinking approach. New York: Aspen Publishers. Klaidman, S. (2010). Coronary: A True Story of Medicine Gone Awry. New York: Simon &Schuster publ ishers. Taylor M. , (2005). Tenet settles Redding case. Modern Healthcare, 21, 35(47):20. The Spark (2002). Tenet Healthcare scandal: Part of a health care system that kills forprofits. Retrieved on 12 September 2012 from: http://the-spark. net/np692605. html. California Nurse, (2002).Tenet Healthcare: the seamy side of a dysfunctional system. California Nurse, 98(8):6-8. Currier, K. A. , & Eimermann, T. E. , (2010). Introduction to paralegal studies: a criticalthinking approach. New York: Aspen Publishers. Klaidman, S. (2010). Coronary: A True Story of Medicine Gone Awry. New York: Simon &Schuster publishers. Taylor M. , (2005). Tenet settles Redding case. Modern Healthcare, 21, 35(47):20. The Spark (2002). Tenet Healthcare scandal: Part of a health care system that kills for profits. Retrieved on 12 September 2012 from: http://the-spark. net/np692605. html.

White Supremacy essays

White Supremacy essays Dr Frances Cress Welsing is a child psychiatrist that was born on March 18,1955 in the Chicago area of Illinois. She is a third generation Physician in her Family she followed the footprints of her father Dr Henry Noah Cress and her grandfather Dr. henry Clay Cress by becoming a Physician. She had to go through several years of study to become will know. She first attends Antioch College in yellow Spring, Ohio which she graduated from in 1957 with a B.S. degree. A year later after graduation she entered the College of Medicine at Howard University in Washington D.C. She then graduated from Howard University in 1962 with a M.D. degree. After Graduation Dr Welsing interned at the Cook County Hospital, in Chicago, Illinois between the years of 1962 through 1963 while there she received a chance to take a residency in General Psychiatry at St. Elizabeths Hospital, in Washington D.C. In 1966 to 1968 she held a fellowship in child Psychiatry at Childrens hospital. From the Dr Welsing was employed as an assistant Professor of Pediatrics in the department of Pediatrics at Howard University College of Medicine. Dr Frances Cress Welsing is best known for her controversial theories on Race. She is the Author of two books The Cress Theory of Color Confrontation and Racism (white supremacy) and Also the Isis Papers. She is also the founder of Counter-racist Psychiatry and also affiliated with Actor Paul Roberson School for Growth and Development, North Community Mental Health Center, in Washington, D.C. from 1976-1990. In 1970 Dr. Frances Cress Welsing wrote The Cress Theory of Color-Confrontation and Racism (White Supremacy). In this theory she explains the origin of racism. Why is whiteness is a color deficiency. Why white people feel threaten by non- White people and the psychological cause. Welsing based her theory off of the Textbook for Victims of White Supremacy by Neeley Fuller written in 1969. Fuller suggested tha...

American Revolution - New York, Philadelphia, Saratoga

American Revolution - New York, Philadelphia, Saratoga Previous: Opening Campaigns | American Revolution 101 | Next: The War Moves South The War Shifts to New York Having captured Boston in March 1776, General George Washington began shifting his army south to block an anticipated British move against New York City. Arriving, he divided his army between Long Island and Manhattan and awaited British General William Howes next move. In early June, the first British transports began appearing in lower New York Harbor and Howe established camps on Staten Island. Over the next several weeks Howes army grew to over 32,000 men. His brother, Vice Admiral Richard Howe commanded the Royal Navys forces in the area and stood by to provide naval support. The Second Continental Congress Independence While the British amassed strength near New York, the Second Continental Congress continued to meet in Philadelphia. Convening in May 1775, the group contained representatives from all thirteen American colonies. In final effort to reach an understanding with King George III, the Congress drafted the Olive Branch Petition on July 5, 1775, which asked the British government to address their grievances in order to avoid further bloodshed. Arriving in England, the petition was discarded by the king who was angered by the language used in confiscated letters written by American radicals such as John Adams. The failure of the Olive Branch Petition gave strength to those elements in Congress that wished to press for full independence. As the war continued, Congress began to assume the role of a national government and worked to make treaties, supply the army, and build a navy. Since it lacked the ability to tax, Congress was forced to rely on the governments of the individual colonies to provide the needed money and goods. In early 1776, the pro-independence faction began to assert more influence and pressured colonial governments to authorize reluctant delegations to vote for independence. After extended debate, Congress passed a resolution for independence on July 2, 1776. This was followed by the approval of the Declaration of Independence two days later. The Fall of New York In New York, Washington, who lacked naval forces, remained concerned that Howe could outflank him by sea anywhere in the New York area. Despite this, he felt compelled to defend the city due to its political importance. On August 22, Howe moved around 15,000 men across to Gravesend Bay on Long Island. Coming ashore, they probed the American defenses along the Heights of Guan. Finding an opening at Jamaica Pass, the British moved through the heights on the night of August 26/27 and struck American forces the next day. Caught by surprise, American troops under Major General Israel Putnam were defeated in the resulting Battle of Long Island. Falling back to a fortified position on Brooklyn Heights, they were reinforced and joined by Washington. Though aware that Howe could cut him off from Manhattan, Washington was initially reluctant to abandon Long Island. Approaching Brooklyn Heights, Howe turned cautious and ordered his men to begin siege operations. Realizing the dangerous nature of his situation, Washington left the position on the night of August 29/30 and succeeded in moving his men back to Manhattan. On September 15, Howe landed on Lower Manhattan with 12,000 men and at Kips Bay with 4,000. This forced Washington to abandon the city and assume a position to the north at Harlem Heights. The next day his men won their first victory of the campaign in the Battle of Harlem Heights. With Washington in a strong fortified postion, Howe elected to move by water with part of his command to Throgs Neck and then on to Pells Point. With Howe operating to the east, Washington was forced to abandon his position on northern Manhattan for fear of being cut off. Leaving strong garrisons at Fort Washington on Manhattan and Fort Lee in New Jersey, Washington withdrew to a strong defensive position at White Plains. On October 28, Howe assaulted part of Washingtons line at the Battle of White Plains. Driving the Americans off of a key hill, Howe was able to compel Washington to retreat again. Rather than pursue the fleeing Americans, Howe turned south to consolidate his hold on the New York City area. Assaulting Fort Washington, he captured the fortification and its 2,800-man garrison on November 16. While Washington was criticized for attempting to hold the post, he did so on Congress orders. Major General Nathanael Greene, commanding at Fort Lee, was able to escape with his men before being attacked by Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis. The Battles of Trenton Princeton Having taken Fort Lee, Cornwallis was ordered to pursue Washingtons army across New Jersey. As they retreated, Washington faced a crisis as his battered army began to disintegrate through desertions and expiring enlistments. Crossing the Delaware River into Pennsylvania in early December, he made camp and attempted to reinvigorate his shrinking army. Reduced to around 2,400 men, the Continental Army was poorly supplied and ill-equipped for winter with many of the men still in summer uniforms or lacking shoes. As in the past, Howe displayed a lack of killer instinct and ordered his men into winter quarters on December 14, with many strung out in a series of outposts from New York to Trenton. Believing an audacious act was needed to restore the publics confidence, Washington planned a surprise attack on the Hessian garrison at Trenton for December 26. Crossing the ice-filled Delaware on Christmas night, his men struck the following morning and succeeded in defeating and capturing the garrison. Evading Cornwallis who had been sent to catch him, Washingtons army won a second victory at Princeton on January 3, but lost Brigadier General Hugh Mercer who was mortally wounded. Having achieved two unlikely victories, Washington moved his army to Morristown, NJ and entered winter quarters. Previous: Opening Campaigns | American Revolution 101 | Next: The War Moves South Previous: Opening Campaigns | American Revolution 101 | Next: The War Moves South Burgoynes Plan In the spring of 1777, Major General John Burgoyne proposed a plan for defeating the Americans. Believing that New England was the seat of the rebellion, he proposed cutting the region off from the other colonies by moving down the Lake Champlain-Hudson River corridor while a second force, led by Colonel Barry St. Leger, advanced east from Lake Ontario and down the Mohawk River. Meeting at Albany, Burgoyne and St. Leger would press down the Hudson, while Howes army advanced north. Though approved by Colonial Secretary Lord George Germain, Howes role in the plan was never clearly defined and issues of his seniority precluded Burgoyne from issuing him orders. The Philadelphia Campaign Operating on his own, Howe prepared his own campaign for capturing the American capital at Philadelphia. Leaving a small force under Major General Henry Clinton at New York, he embarked 13,000 men on transports and sailed south. Entering the Chesapeake, the fleet traveled north and the army landed at Head of Elk, MD on August 25, 1777. In position with 8,000 Continentals and 3,000 militia to defend the capital, Washington dispatched units to track and harass Howes army. Aware that he would have to face Howe, Washington prepared to make a stand along the banks of the Brandywine River. Forming his men in a strong position near Chadds Ford, Washington awaited the British. In surveying the American position on September 11, Howe elected to use the same strategy he employed at Long Island. Using Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausens Hessians, Howe fixed the American center in place along the creek with a diversionary attack, while marching the bulk of this army around Washingtons right flank. Attacking, Howe was able to drive the Americans from the field and captured the bulk of their artillery. Ten days later, Brigadier General Anthony Waynes men were beaten at the Paoli Massacre. With Washington defeated, Congress fled Philadelphia and reconvened at York, PA. Outmaneuvering Washington, Howe entered the city on September 26. Eager to redeem the defeat at Brandywine and re-take the city, Washington began planning a counterattack against British forces located at Germantown. Devising a complicated assault plan, Washingtons columns became delayed and confused in the thick morning fog on October 4. In the resulting Battle of Germantown, American forces achieved early success and were on the verge of a great victory before confusion in the ranks and strong British counterattacks turned the tide. Among those who had performed badly at Germantown was Major General Adam Stephen who had been drunk during the fighting. Not hesitating, Washington sacked him in favor of the promising young Frenchmen, the Marquis de Lafayette, who had recently joined the army. With the campaign season winding down, Washington moved the army to Valley Forge for winter quarters. Enduring a hard winter, the American army underwent extensive training under the watchful eye of Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben. Another foreign volunteer, von Steuben had served as a staff officer in the Prussian army and imparted his knowledge to the Continental forces. The Tide Turns at Saratoga While Howe was planning his campaign against Philadelphia, Burgoyne moved forward with the other elements of his plan. Pressing down Lake Champlain, he easily captured Fort Ticonderoga on July 6, 1777. As a result, Congress replaced the American commander in the area, Major General Philip Schuyler, with Major General Horatio Gates. Pushing south, Burgoyne won minor victories at Hubbardton and Fort Ann and elected to move overland towards the American position at Fort Edward. Moving through the forest, Burgoynes progress was slowed as the Americans felled tree across the roads and worked to obstruct the British advance. To the west, St. Leger laid siege to Fort Stanwix on August 3, and defeated an American relief column at the Battle of Oriskany three days later. Still commanding the American army, Schuyler dispatched Major General Benedict Arnold to break the siege. As Arnold approached, St. Legers Native American allies fled after hearing exaggerated accounts regarding the size of Arnolds force. Left on his own, St. Leger had no choice but to retreat west. As Burgoyne neared Fort Edward, the American army fell back to Stillwater. Though he had won several minor victories, the campaign had cost Burgoyne heavily as his supply lines lengthened and men were detached for garrison duty. In early August, Burgoyne detached part of his Hessian contingent to search for supplies in nearby Vermont. This force was engaged and decisively defeated at the Battle of Bennington on August 16. Three days later Burgoyne made camp near Saratoga to rest his men and await news from St. Leger and Howe. Previous: Opening Campaigns | American Revolution 101 | Next: The War Moves South Previous: Opening Campaigns | American Revolution 101 | Next: The War Moves South Two miles to the south, Schuylers men began fortifying a series of heights on the west bank of the Hudson. As this work progressed, Gates arrived and took command on August 19. Five days later, Arnold returned from Fort Stanwix and the two began a series of clashes over strategy. While Gates was content to remain on the defensive, Arnold advocated striking at the British. Despite this, Gates gave Arnold command of the left wing of the army, while Major General Benjamin Lincoln led the right. On September 19, Burgoyne moved to attack the American position. Aware that the British were on the move, Arnold secured permission for a reconnaissance in force to determine Burgoynes intentions. In the resulting Battle of Freemans Farm, Arnold decisively defeated the British attack columns, but was relieved after a fight with Gates. Having suffered over 600 casualties at Freemans Farm, Burgoynes position continued to worsen. Sending to Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton at New York for aid, he soon learned that none was forthcoming. Short on men and supplies, Burgoyne resolved to renew the battle on October 4. Moving out three days later, the British attacked American positions at the Battle of Bemis Heights. Encountering heavy resistance, the advance soon bogged down. Pacing at headquarters, Arnold finally departed against Gates wishes and rode to the sound of the guns. Aiding on several parts of the battlefield, he led a successful counterattack on the British fortifications before being wounded in the leg. Now outnumbered 3-to-1, Burgoyne attempted to retreat north towards Fort Ticonderoga on the night of October 8. Blocked by Gates and with his supplies dwindling, Burgoyne elected to open negotiations with the Americans. Though he initially demanded an unconditional surrender, Gates agreed to a treaty of convention whereby Burgoynes men would be taken to Boston as prisoners and permitted to return to England on the condition that they not fight in North America again. On October 17, Burgoyne surrendered his remaining 5,791 men. Congress, unhappy with the terms offered by Gates, overruled the agreement and Burgoynes men were placed in prisoner camps around the colonies for the remainder of the war. The victory at Saratoga proved key in securing a treaty of alliance with France. Previous: Opening Campaigns | American Revolution 101 | Next: The War Moves South

The Four Methods in Lincoln Electric Case Study

The Four Methods in Lincoln Electric - Case Study Example Secondly, it was the R&D efforts of its founders and its proactive stance that made it a success over its competitors, even though it had shared technology during the Second World War for the benefit of the USA. The company setup was planned and organized with very few levels of management. Workers had a right to voice their opinions and thoughts and these were listened to, with the consequence that there was no need for unionization. There was an open door policy and every complaint was looked into. The vision for the company was to expand and prosper through a system of high productivity and rewards like year-end bonus and guaranteed employment. The company also promoted from within and many of the top management had progressed from the lower ranks up the organization. The company was successful in extending this culture and philosophy developed at Cleveland to some regions but met with opposition from others. To some degree, culture and education have been responsible for this. Di scuss Lincoln’s approach to the organization and motivation of their employees as it corresponds to the behavioral viewpoint of management, specifically as it relates to early behaviorism pioneered by Hugo Munsterberg, Mary Parker Follett and Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne Effect. The behavioral viewpoint of management seeks to motivate workers through a reward and punishment system aims to elicit a certain type of behavior from its employees. It is usually based on a system that is fair and equitable for everyone. Hugo Munsterberg proposed that employee skills match job requirements and devising management strategies that made employees follow management’s best interests. Mary Parker Follett preferred that organizations work like communities with joint efforts and collaboration between workers and management to deal positively with problems that might emerge.  

Supply Chain Management- Zara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Supply Chain Management- Zara - Essay Example In such a drill, firms look forward into establishing a larger market share for its products and services. This is done by initiating Supply chains that are manageable with a manageable number of middlemen. Similarly, opening more production points in the market increases the aptness in supply of products in the market. Therefore, the best practice in approach in supply chain management is use of short supply chains, technological control and advancement, bulk transit of products, effective supply chain management, development of new production plants and investment in new markets. Introduction The core point in establishing a firm is to give a constant supply of goods, products and services. Therefore, a firm should strategise on making an effective and efficient supply of its products and services to the people that are in need. In many instances, firms that have apt supply strategies end up making a plausible outcome in their supply. For instance, a structure that ensures there is constant supply of the products attracts a larger demand due to its reliability. Though some factors could affect the supply of products and goods, a firm should ensure that it has a developed supply chain. With such a preparation, it is hard to disappoint the people that need these products by failing to give the goods they need. This shows that the most successful firms have to ensure they have an integrated supply strategy. This makes it appealing to the customers, which is reflected in the results that are recorded in any transaction calendar (Canzer, 2006:12). Following suit in such an approach is an entirely vital aspect that should be used by prospecting firms that need to succeed. Analysis and Discussion Supply chain management denotes the processes that are involved from the production of goods, products and services, through networks and the final relay of the products and services to the demands. It therefore closely involves procurement, manufacturing and distribution. In procurement, the manufacturing firm has to plan on all the materials that are required for production. They then have to acquire these materials and make them available. After this, the manufacturing process begins, where the stated products are produced. This is followed by distribution of the manufactured goods into the trade regions. However, the decision making has to involve logistics and global decision making. Therefore, this is a process that involves other minor processes, which involves many networks that are interconnected. The control of the supply of products does not depend on a single person, as it is at times complicated. As such, there is need to have apt control over the supply chain (Jordan, 2010:32). This will be a move to ensure the supply chain is giving adorable results. In many cases, the supply chain involves provision of packaged products and goods, movement of these goods and products from one place to another till the final consumption of the products and goods. Similarly, services have to pass through this chain to record a complete chain of supply (Zuckerman, 2002:23). Therefore, it is in the best interests of a firm to ensure the chain of supply is effective in delivering the services, products and goods to the demand. If this is not done, the firm will not be making an economic sense in producing the goods for the demand. While working in Zara, it is an admissible fact that the retailer has created the demand for its products. The retailer has been increasing