Benthams Principle Of Utility And Moral Ethics Philosophy Essay

Benthams Principle Of Utility And Moral Ethics Philosophy Essay Can be characterized as those standards on which our ethical choices are based. Morals are the feeling of good and bad, great and wickedness, qualities and obligation. Subsequently it is considered as a significant part of reasoning. It tends to be depicted as the study of human obligation. These morals are consequently the estimation by which a person is evaluated as being acceptable, awful and fiendish. In basic terms moral morals are only the set of accepted rules chose by every individual for oneself for working in this world and individual beings.â Moral morals are framed from the commitments and obligations of an individual in the general public. It's not possible for anyone to compel an individual to cling to moral morals. For example on the off chance that an individual sees a mishap casualty lying out and about it is his ethical ethic to assist the person in question however in the event that he decides to not do as such, at that point no social organization can rebuff him for this reluctance. Along these lines these morals are relative and emotional Utilitarianism is a standardizing moral hypothesis that puts the locus of good and bad exclusively on the results (outcomes) of picking one activity/strategy over different activities/approaches. In that capacity, it moves past the extent of ones own advantages and considers the interests of others Benthams Principle of Utility Perceives the basic job of torment and joy in human life, endorses or objects to an activity based on the measure of torment or joy realized i.e., results, compares great with joy and wickedness with torment, and affirms that delight and agony are equipped for evaluation Act and Rule Utilitarianism We can apply the standard of utility to either PARTICULAR ACTIONS or GENERAL RULES. The previous is called act-utilitarianism and the last is called rule-utilitarianism. Act-utilitarianismâ The rule of utility is applied legitimately to every elective demonstration in a circumstance of decision. The correct demonstration is then characterized as the one which achieves the best outcomes (or minimal measure of terrible outcomes). Rule-utilitarianismâ The rule of utility is utilized to decide the legitimacy of rules of lead (moral standards). A standard like guarantee keeping is set up by taking a gander at the results of a world in which individuals broke guarantees voluntarily and a world wherein guarantees were official. Good and bad are then characterized as adhering to or defying those norms.  Deontological Theories Having quickly investigated deontologists foil, significance hypotheses of act assessment, we go now to inspect deontological speculations. Rather than weightiness speculations, deontological hypotheses judge the profound quality of decisions by rules not the same as the conditions of issues those decisions achieve. Generally, deontologists of all stripes hold that a few decisions can't be advocated by their belongings that regardless of how ethically great their results, a few decisions are ethically taboo. On deontological records of profound quality, operators can't settle on certain unjust decisions regardless of whether by doing so the quantity of illegitimate decisions will be limited (in light of the fact that different specialists will be kept from participating in comparable unfair decisions). For deontologists, what settles on a decision right is its similarity with an ethical standard. Such standards are to be basically obeyed by every ethical operator; such standard keepi ngs are not to be expanded by every specialist. In this sense, for deontologists, the Right has need over the Good. On the off chance that a demonstration isn't as per the Right, it may not be attempted, regardless of the Good that it may create.  Ethical pride  Is the prescriptive regulation that all people should act from their own personal responsibility? Individual moral pride  Is the conviction that lone I should act from the intention of personal circumstance, nothing is expressed about what thought processes others should act from. Individual moral vanity  Is the prescriptive precept that all people should serve my personal responsibility? General moral egoismâ Is the general principle that all people should seek after their own advantages solely? PC History The improvement of the cutting edge PC was the consequence of advances in advances and keeps an eye on need to measure. Papyrus helped early man to record language and numbers. The math device was one of the main tallying machines. A portion of the previous mechanical checking machines came up short on the innovation to make the plan work. For example, some had parts made of wood before metal control and assembling. Envision the wear on wooden riggings. This history of PCs site incorporates the names of early pioneers of math and figuring. What is a Computer? A PC is an electronic gadget, which executes programming programs. It comprises of 2 sections equipment and programming. The PC forms contribution through information gadgets like mouse and console. The PC shows yield through yield gadgets like shading screen and printer. The size of a PC shifts extensively from extremely little to large. The speed of PCs additionally has an exceptionally huge range. PCs have gotten vital in todays world Employments of COMPUTER Word Processingâ Word Processing programming consequently revises spelling and language structure botches. On the off chance that the substance of a report rehashes you dont need to type it each time. You can utilize the reorder highlights. You can printout reports and make a few duplicates. It is simpler to peruse a word-prepared report than a written by hand one. You can add pictures to your report. Numerical Calculationsâ Because of PCs, which have processing rates of over a million computations for each subsequent we can play out the greatest of numerical estimations. Arranging and Schedulingâ Programming can be utilized to store contact data, creating plans, booking arrangements and cutoff times. Burden of USING COMPUTER Computerâ addictionâ Is a generally new term used to depict a reliance on ones computer. Computer addiction is not restricted toâ personal computers (PCs). It covers computer games and the Internet and has just been given a name by analysts, specifically Internetâ addictionâ disorder. Over the top playing of disconnected PC games, for example, Solitaire or Minesweeper, or fanatical PC programming. Cybersex Addiction Enthusiastic utilization of Internet erotic entertainment, grown-up talk rooms, or grown-up dream pretend locales affecting adversely on genuine close connections. Digital Relationship Addictionâ Dependence on long range interpersonal communication, talk rooms, and informing to where virtual, online companions become more significant than genuine associations with loved ones. PC morals PC morals is set of good rules that direct the utilization of PCs. Some regular issues of PC morals incorporate licensed innovation rights, (for example, copyrighted electronic substance), protection concerns, and how PCs influence society. For instance, while it is anything but difficult to copy copyrighted electronic (orâ digital) content, PC morals would recommend that it isn't right to do as such without the creators endorsement. And keeping in mind that it might be conceivable to get to someones individual data on a PC framework, PC morals would exhort that such an activity is dishonest. As innovation propels, PCs keep on greaterly affecting society. In this way, PC morals advances the conversation of how much impact PCs ought to have in regions, for example, man-made brainpower and human correspondence. As the universe of PCs develops, PC morals keeps on making moral gauges that address new issues raised by new advancements. Is another part of morals that is developing and changing quickly as PC innovation additionally develops and create. Code of morals in utilizing PC Data put away on the PC ought to be treated as truly as composed or verbally expressed word. Protection ought not be damaged. If there should arise an occurrence of scholarly use, it is known counterfeiting. Data from open survey ought not be adjusted or erase or difficult to reach since there are consider as ruinous act. Meddling programming, for example, worm and infections which are ruinous to the PC framework is likewise illicit. Sending profane and unrefined messages through mail or talk is likewise prohibited. Moral standards for PC client Try not to utilize PC to hurt different clients Try not to utilize PC to take other data Try not to get to a document without the consent of the proprietor Try not to duplicate copyrighted programming without the creators consent Continuously regard copyright law and approaches Regard protection of others, similarly as you anticipate the equivalent from the others Preferences OF USING COMPUTER All out accessibility of any data you could need. Statements, history, books from the library, news stories, various feelings and perspectives, quick news, reference books, data accessible that may have taken you weeks or years to find in the event that you needed to look through changed sources and areas. You can discover plans on the web. You can talk with individuals, while doing different things. You would now be able to watch recordings, and tune in to a wide range of music. You can visit data assets, gatherings, examines, and so forth. You can find out about clinical issues, and legitimate issues. You can go to class on the web. You can compose a sonnet, a story, a book, a content. You can make a full-include film. You can create music. You can sift through your thoughts. Deal with your cash. Do your banking. Arrange your activity. Purchase show passes. Purchase basically anything you can envision on the web. Use PC to take care of all utilities tabs in 15 mins which would take over an hour to go to the mail station to make installment in line. Keep an individual journal. Mess around. Concoct and make new games and projects. Find intriguing things, or see different nations. Learn. Develop. Connect. MORAL PCs today are one of the significant things we are utilizing. They have helped a great deal in gathering a ton information which used to be in hard records. One of the utilizations or advantages of PCs is that they

The Performance Of The Nestle Company Business Essay

The Performance Of The Nestle Company Business Essay Nestlã © is a worldwide bundled food organization established and headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland. It appeared from a merger in 1905 between the Anglo-Swiss Milk Company for milk items built up by the Page Brothers in Cham, Switzerland, in 1866 and the Farine Lactã ©e Henri Nestlã © Company set up in 1867 by Henri Nestlã © to give a baby food item. Trademark of Nestlã © is winged creatures in a home, got from Henri Nestlã ©s individual crest, recommends the qualities whereupon he started his Company. A few of Nestlã ©s brands are all inclusive eminent, which has made the organization a worldwide market pioneer in numerous product offerings, including milk, chocolate, candy store, filtered water pet food. (Key HRM, n.d.). Settles Brands are: 1. Milk Nutrition 2. Drinks 3. Arranged dishes cooking helps 4. Chocolates sweet shops Goals of Nestle To make and market the Companys items so as to make esteem that can be unremitting over the long haul for investors, workers, buyers, and colleagues. It doesn't support transient benefit to the detriment of fruitful long haul business improvement. It perceives that its customers have a real and sensible enthusiasm for the conduct, convictions and activities of the Company behind brands in which they place their trust and that without its benefactors the organization would not exist. Nestlã © believes that, as a typical guideline, enactment is the most helpful security of mindful manner, however in specific regions, additional management to staff as purposeful business standards is beneficial continuously to ensure that the best expectations are met completely through the association. Nestlã © knows about the way that the accomplishment of an organization is the declaration of polished methodology, direct and the scrupulous disposition of its administration and workers. Subsequently enlistment of the ideal individuals and steady preparing and improvement are basic. Nestlã © continues to save its commitment to follow and esteem all relevant neighborhood laws in every one of its business sectors. (Vital HRM, n.d.). Basic beliefs of Nestle A necessity for managing individuals is worship and dependence. Honesty and straightforwardness in managing individuals are significant for acceptable correspondence. This is offset by open exchange to share capabilities and boosting inventiveness. To convey isn't just to tell; it is likewise to focus and to take on a conversation. The energy to work together, to encourage others and to be prepared is a prerequisite for movement and advancement in Nestle. (Key HRM, n.d.). Settle is a human organization Nestlã © is a human Company giving a response to singular human needs everywhere throughout the world with express worry for the solace of the two its benefactors and its workers. This can be found in its methodology and its feeling of reliability towards individuals. (Key HRM, n.d.). Subsequent to examining Nestle it has been seen that it needs to follow every one of the three models Superior, High Involvement High Commitment. Since Nestlã © all the while tries to support deals and benefits and, to increase the expectation of living all over, it is dynamic and the personal satisfaction for everybody. Nestlã © is likewise influenced that the individuals structure the life of the business and that nothing can be achieved without their devotion and their power, which makes individuals its most critical resource. Cooperation of individuals at all levels begins with reasonable data on the Companys exercises and on the unequivocal parts of their work. Everybody is welcome to contribute towards upgrades improving Company results and individual advancement through open correspondence and dynamic joint effort. (Vital HRM, n.d.). Nestlã ©s Culture Theres an exceptionally solid authoritative culture in Nestlã ©. It accepts on collaboration. The administrative center gives the rules to the zonal chiefs and illuminates them about their spending impediment. The zonal administrators are absolutely autonomous in building their arrangements and the use of spending plan. Similarly, the territorial administrators are autonomous in their zones. They are given a particular objective and a specific measure of spending plan. The caution is theirs to make arrangement and achieve the focused on bring about the specific given financial plan. The inside control arrangement of the association is solid and viable too. Because of the solid check and equalization, they can make annihilations and changes in their arrangements. On the off chance that the arrangement doesn't work appropriately, the director can take remedial measures. Nobody from the organization can challenge his capacity. The advancement towards the accomplishment of objectives mu st be done through the aggregate responsibility. (Settle Report, n.d.) HR PRACTICES in Nestle Human asset arranging and prerequisites in Nestlã © Arranging comprises of those rules which envelops a sound reason for proficient and successful HR Management in the Nestlã © Group the world over. They are adaptable and dynamic and may expect change in accordance with different conditions. Consequently its application will be impacted by decision making ability, consistence of the nearby market laws, remembering the particular setting. Its soul ought to be regarded under all conditions. As Nestlã © is working everywhere throughout the world, it is essential that work laws and practices be regarded all over the place. Level of improvement of each market and its ability to progress in the administration of their HR ought to likewise be thought about. (Settle HRM, n. d.) HR approaches are routed to each one of the individuals who have a risk in overseeing individuals just as to HR experts. The Nestlã © Management and Leadership Principles incorporate the rules affecting all the Nestlã © workers in their activity and in their dealings with others. The Corporate Business Principles involves the fundamental standards which Nestlã © underwrites and buys in to on an overall premise. Both these records are the columns on which Nestlã ©s present strategy has been manufactured. (Settle HRM, n. d.) HR supervisors and their staff are there to offer proficient help in taking care of representative issues yet ought not substitute themselves to the dependable chief. Their significant risk is to contribute viably to the nature of HR the board all through the association by proposing satisfactory arrangements, guaranteeing their reliable application and rational usage with decency. (Settle HRM, n. d.) Enrollment The enrollment procedure at Nestle is clearly unmistakable. Individuals with characteristics like dynamism, authenticity, logic, difficult work, genuineness and reliability are invited there. Nestlã © follows a set procedure for recruiting more representatives. The significant report in this association is the Recruitment Requisition Form. An enlistment opportunity could emerge either subsequent to talking about or arranging a situation on the end of some worker or on a pressing need premise. Subsequent to getting the report the human asset office sets up a commercial in the paper or it legitimately contacts situation officials at different organizations. Around eight to ten best continues are chosen and introduced to the divisional heads. On their suggestion the up-and-comers are called for interviews and the most reasonable are at last chosen. (Settle HRM, n. d.) Preparing From the manufacturing plant floor to the top administration, preparing at Nestlã © is unremitting. Since it is predominantly given by Nestlã © individuals, it is constantly critical for the expert life. All through the world, every nation runs its own preparation programs (e-Learning, study hall courses, outer courses), and it has five instructional hubs in France, UK, Spain, Mexico and Brazil. Settle gives the accompanying Education preparing to advance fundamental proficiency aptitudes, especially for laborers who work new gear (Mission-coordinated Work Team Approach). Workers are additionally sent to another country to examine markets, shopper tastes and others. Settle Apprenticeship Programs. Neighborhood Training Programs-on issues running from specialized, authority, and correspondence and business financial aspects. Rive-Reine, their International Training and Conference Center in Switzerland is the place Nestlã © individuals from everywhere throughout the world meet to trade data and thoughts in classes and instructional classes (Strategic HRM, n.d.). Execution the executives Formal evaluation is finished by Line Managers and HR once per year with criticism. Settle gives subordinates the opportunity to approach question for an unreasonable assessment. Express key Performance Indicators have been recorded by the HR division. One of the significant key exhibition markers is accomplishment following the Nestle the executives and administration standards. Compensation structure and advancement basis relies upon the people execution. (Key HRM, n.d.). Remuneration Settle tries to offer reasonable pay. Compensation level is over the normal in industry. The conflicting segment of the pay is generally tremendous to compensate singular execution. If there should be an occurrence of higher administration level, the conflicting part is related with singular group target accomplishments. (Key HRM, n.d.). Prizes motivating forces Enthusiasm to Win grants These quarterly honors have been organized to remunerate the individuals who over-accomplish their objectives. Long-administration Awards are given to perceive workers who have been with the organization for over 30 years. Settle Idea Award-the organization establishments Nestle Idea Award each quarter to recognize and respect workers who concoct noteworthy and spearheading thoughts which have the planned of being executed at Nestle. (Vital HRM, n.d.). Advantages The accompanying advantages are given to all representatives at Nestle Leave-Personal Medical (fixed no. every year). Youngsters Education Assistance Scheme. Opportune store. Retirement Gratuity Scheme. Gathering Insurance Accidental Insurance Scheme. Movement

Nicholas Carr Is Google Making Us Stupid

Nicholas Carr Is Google Making Us Stupid “It is important to distinguish between the power of the Internet to make the great change it can, and the limits and vulnerabilities of that change”,- Naomi Wolf Peering into the future as the technologies takes off, internet has immense impact on our every-day life. There is no doubt it has made our life become easier and more convenient. Being world-wide network it has contributed greatly in many aspects: form communication to information sharing. However, while it retains its’ strong positions giving us extensive experience in what we are doing, yet the negative impact of it takes place as well. Criticism of the Web most often questions whether we are becoming more superficial and scattered in our thinking. As the internet offers us the benefits of quick and easy knowledge, it is affecting the brain’s capacity to read longer articles and books. This concerns were released in the July-August 2008 Atlantic magazine, where Nicholas Carr published his magazine article Is Google Making Us Stupid? What the Internet is doing to our brains (alternatively Is Google Making Us Stoopid. This article was on top of discussions in the internet and gained a lot of reviews on the issue. Nicholas Carr being famous and well-respected technology writer, has an important voice today in pointing to the nervousness that many people have about technology. Like other critics, he sees change as loss and not as gain. Summary “is google making us stupid?” Carrs main argument is that the Internet might have detrimental effects on cognition which diminishes the capacity. He began this essay that he had difficulties concentrating while reading long articles or books. Nicholas Carr claims that regular Internet usage may have diminished his ability to concentrate. And there are many people who supports him, for example, Heidi Julavits says: “I wont deny that I have a far more productive writing life without the Internet, mostly because I rekindle my ability to concentrate on one thing for a period of longer than three minutes.“ The author states that student have changed their approach to study and learning process in general, they are more distracted by the content that Internet offers, they are getting lazy and spend more time online than it is requred. This is how Nicholas Carr is presenting his voice of concerns: Im not thinking the way I used to think. I can feel it most strongly when Im reading. Immersing myself in a book or a lengthy article used to be easy. My mind would get caught up in the narrative or the turns of the argument, and Id spend hours strolling through long stretches of prose. Thats rarely the case anymore. Now my concentration often starts to drift after two or three pages. I get fidgety, lose the thread, begin looking for something else to do. I feel as if Im always dragging my wayward brain back to the text. The deep reading that used to come naturally has become a struggle. Of course, as a writer, he finds the Web a valuable tool, but he thinks its having a bad effect on his concentration. Carr admits that we, meaning the humanity and society nowadays, read a lot more because of the Web, but deplores this saying that our ability to interpret text, to make the rich mental connections that form when we read deeply and without distraction, remains largely disengaged. Despite the essay provides with plenty of examples why Internet is bad for learning (he shares some responses on blogs, provides with anecdotes), unfortunately Carr sees only one side of the change that humanity is going through. Of course, we see that books are loosing their readers, as books are becoming unpopulated and even obsolete. Moreover, some people could not simply affor buying books, as they are expensive and hard to get. In addition, the knowledge presented in books, is slow to develop, hard to respond to, and sometimes it is not in up-to â€"date state. Therefore, people rely on the Internet resources to get the information they need, they look for another options (in some cases people even order books online as it is considered as almost the same source of knowledge or tool to learn). It is easy to criticize a new technology; it is harder to understand how the new technology can help create new abilities in humans. And even much harder to understand how technology can actually recapture and re-enable human abilities- it allows us to work more efficiently, to meet new interesting people, and of course for pure entertainment. All we need to do here is to make it well- balanced: the time for learning, the time we spend online, the resources, materials and the books we use combining this approach with lowering up the distractions in Internet called to reduce the time waste online. Keeping these in mind, we need to accept the fact that even in the most useful, handy and profitable things there is always sort of a danger. While it may seem like everyone surfs the web these days, there is fine line between casually checking your social media pages and having a full blown internet addiction. We should not allow internet to distract or disturb our minds. It is necessary to understand that falling into the lure of exploring everything that is available in world-wide network can be harmful and as the result, might lead to internet addiction. So moderate and restrained usage of internet is the key to make it beneficial for us as well as bringing harmony in our lives. To sum up, the first question, which was stated in the beginning of this article, needs to be answered. With all respect to such a great writer as Nicholas Carr, i cant agree with his statement nor with the argument he had provided. In my opinion, Google is not making us stupid. What Google and the World Wide Web are doing is helping people to learn by providing them variety of choices, getting us with access to plenty of tools, platforms, materials and other web resources. Moreover, Google, being the biggest search engine, connects us with people from all over the world and by his connections we can find people alike sharing the same interests, supporting each other in learning and helping in every moment of need. Google is, indeed, making us smarter as we re-discover new ways to learn.

The Code Of Ethical, Principle, And Guidelines - 1345 Words

The Code of Ethical, Principle, and Guidelines. Social workers work with conflicting interests and competing rights to support, protect and empower people, statutory duties and other obligations that may be coercive and restrict people’s freedoms. Social work is an interrelated system of values, theory and practice. PRACTICE Social work practice addresses the barriers, inequities and injustices that exist in society. It responds to crises and emergencies as well as to everyday personal and social problems. They utilize a variety of skills, techniques, and activities consistent with its holistic focus on persons and their environments. These include counseling, clinical social work; group work, social pedagogical work, and family treatment, therapy and efforts to help people obtain services and resources in the community. Social work practice is varying from time to time depending on cultural, historical, legal and socio-economic conditions. Definitions of values According to the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) Principles says. The term ‘social work values’ refers to a range of beliefs about what is regarded as worthy or valuable in a social work context. General beliefs about the nature of the good society, general principles about how to achieve this through actions, and the desirable qualities or character traits of professional practitioners. Upholding and promoting human dignity Social workers should respect, upholdShow MoreRelatedEthical Principles Of Psychologists And Code Of Conduct919 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Principles of Psychologists and the Code of Conduct are very important guidelines in any workforce. â€Å"These guidelines serve a purpose to guide and inspire psychologists toward the very highest ethical ideals of their profession† (APA, 2002). There are five major parts of the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct guidelines. 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Essay on My Family My Grandmother - 581 Words

People tend to disregard the elderly. We think of them as frail, just shadows of their former selves. Some think of them as only caring about themselves, and the weather. We judge the elderly, but we need to learn to listen to them. I began to understand this fact when my grandmother became ill. In the last years of my grandmothers life, she was bedridden. I was worried about her and began treating her like a fragile piece of china. When people saw her, they assumed she was a weak, hard-of-hearing woman so they would yell questions at her and speak to her as if she were a child. After observing my grandmothers responses, I realized that her spirit was stronger than ever. Her strength was spiritual and mental, not physical. The†¦show more content†¦We sent her a postcard from the Smithsonian with Lindberghs picture, which brought back her memories and stories of this famous man that she then shared with us. My grandmother also had an encounter with evangelist Oral Roberts. She could really get worked up about him, and let me say, it wasnt pretty. My grandfather had worked in Wales for years, but my grandparents were forced to leave before World War II. My grandmother left on the ship with only the clothes on her back. She could tell the frightening story of crossing the Atlantic as though it had happened yesterday. She didnt choose to share her pain and suffering in this life, she just chose to share her life. When Im older, I want to think about life, not my physical state. My grandmother inspired me to keep up with world events and whats going on around me instead of focusing on myself. I want to be a lifelong learner with something of interest to talk about. My grandmothers life taught me that. It is a mistake to judge the elderly because of their physical appearance. Their vision may be bad, but they have seen sights we never will. Maybe they cant walk, but they have taken paths we never can. 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Overcoming obstacles that are faced in everyday life.† â€Å"Within a family that has values, honesty, integrity, a strong work ethicRead MoreMy Great Grandmother : My Family, Religion, And Work1310 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to my great grandmother Betty Winters who is a very special asset to the Murphy family, the nationalities my ancestors identifies with is Black and Indian. My great great grandmother was Black and my grandfather identified as Indian. My ancestors were originally from South Carolina and North Carolina and they migrated to Washington DC for better opportunities. My great grandmother expressed that she cleaned the white house for many of years and her mother was a cab driver in WashingtonRead MoreMy Grandmother s Home And Family Life884 Words   |  4 Pages My grandmother’s home and family life is one that she is very proud of as she was raised in a loving home and continued that nurturing motherhood role as she had a family of her own. 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My Grandfather David Grell and Grandmother Linda600 Words   |  3 PagesGrell family. My Grandfather David Grell and Grandmother Linda Grell currently live in Prior Lake, Minnesota. Grandpa owns a construction business, while grandma is a high school secretary. My mother, Laura Todd , the first of three daughters, lives in Sioux Rapids Iowa with my Father Kerby, and works at Buena Vista University. My Aunt, Angie Mendrzychowski, the middle child, married to my Uncle Steve, and is currently living in Shakopee, Minnesota. My Aunt, Jackie Antonie, recently married my UncleRead MoreGrandmothers Love988 Words   |  4 PagesLove Many grandmothers are important people because many times they give love to their family. Their love can make their family comfortable, make life easier, and unite family members. Patricia Hampl, â€Å"Grandmother’s Sunday Dinner,† describes how her grandmother ruled over her family with her authoritative personality. And also, Hampl’s grandmother made her family members united with her professional cooking skills. Similar to Hampl’s grandmother, my grandmother rules over my family. My grandmother’sRead MoreGenogram: Family and Grandmother Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Genogram Project Liberty University Family Genogram Project The purpose of a student construing a genogram is to help a student gain an understanding of his/her family background. By gaining knowledge of one family it can help the student assist other understand how to help their clients. However, genograms backbone is a graphic depiction of how different family member are biologically, legally, and emotionally related to one another from one generation to the next (McGoldrickRead MoreCovert Conflict And Passive Aggression Essay1337 Words   |  6 Pageswhile simultaneously denying you have any anger at all. My Midwestern family seems to be the poster children for covert conflict and passive aggression, especially my great-grandmother. In an example I will be analyzing further between my mother and my great-grandmother, my great-grandmother is passive aggressive to my mother after my mother accidentally breaks one of my great-grandmother’s decorative plates. To preface, my great-grandmother is 92 years old, lives alone, and has had plenty of time

Families in 1700’s to Mid 1800’s Free Essays

Origins of a family have meaning and history. By keeping track of family relations also known as a family tree it can allow us to keep records of the past. The Edwards family tree shows great record from the early 1700’s to the mid 1800’s. We will write a custom essay sample on Families in 1700’s to Mid 1800’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now This family tree demonstrates when a person was baptized; when they got married; and when they passed away. The Edwards family chart show the different relations of marriages and fertility rate from today’s society. From the chart we can determine that the Edwards family show a different demography compared to todays society. This is because life expectancy was shorter; families were larger; and finally marriages were happening at a young age. According to the Edwards family tree life expectancy was not high. Many of the family members barely lived up to sixty, which was very common in the 1700’s. The family tree shows many children dying at a young age; some barely reaching adolescent age. Since child death was very high it showed that health care was very poor; which lead people to have more children. In today’s society life expectancy has expanded enormously. Many young children live for a longer time because of better health care. Having a sibling die before they could reach their twenty would be very unlikely because of the amazing health care we have and our environment has improved since the 1800’s. The average size of a family during the 1700’s would be 7. 5, which is completely larger than the family size in todays culture. Looking at the family tree many couples had a large set of family. Some of the families had more than six children, which is over our regular family size. Since families were big some of the children carried on names of their parents. For example Thomas Edward who was married to Sarah Potman named their first child Thomas. Even after Sarah Potman death he remarried Mary and also named their first child Thomas. That was because names were meant to be carried on and remembered. If we compare that to today’s family, families would be much smaller and usually wouldn’t have the dame name as their father. Looking at the chart it is hard to tell when some of the women were born because it was not recorded. However looking at the Edwards family tree many of the women got married in their 20’s. Some of these women were pregnant while getting married. On the another hand the men got married in their mid to late twenties which is a lot older compare to the women. For example Thomas Edward son of Thomas and Sarah Potman got married to Sarah White at the age of thirty-four. As we can see there is a big age difference between the male and females. From the Edwards family tree most of the women had children right away. Some were even pregnant at marriage, for example Richard Edward who married Mary Deets in 1730 and at the same year had their first child Sarah Ewards. This shows some couples were involved with each other before marriage, however on the family tree some couples waited a year or two to have children. For example John Edward who married Elizabeth Ward in 1739 their first kid John Edwards was born 1742, that is three years after they got married. From the family tree it seemed uncommon for a married couple to wait a year or two years later to have children; which is really different compare to today because many marry couples wait at least three years to have children. Since Many families did have plenty of children and gave birth right after marriage it seemed that child birth was not planned. Looking at the chart many married couples had children one after another. Shows that there was no limitation on having children, which was very common during the 1700’s. Looking at today’s society there are limitation on having children because of economic reasons; it is more expensive to raise children. In conclusion the Edwards family tree from the parish registers of Terling, Essex have a different view of life compared to today’s society. The diagram has a complete different overview from today’s society. The Edwards family tree has a different outlook from todays culture because of the life expectancy, families were larger, and finally marriages were involved at a younger age. Altogether the Edwards family tree is proven to be a lot different then what we expect today. Comparing modern families from our own show great differences. How to cite Families in 1700’s to Mid 1800’s, Essay examples

Parker Essay Example

Parker Essay PARKER : Penning global strategy Ankita Jain Hrishikesh V Nilotpal Sinha Abhinav Sharma Great Lakes Institute of Management November 18, 2011 Caesar had perished from the world of men, had not his sword been rescued by a pen. Abstract In this study, we look at two strategies adopted by Parker Pen. The ? rst is a highly successful strategy of product di? erentiation through technological innovation. The second is an unsuccessful execution of globalization strategy. 1 A brief history of Parker Pen The Parker Pen Company was born in 1888 when George Sta? rd Parker tried to repair some fountain pens that were leaking and in the process began to manufacture his own pens. Six years later in 1894, Parker Pen won the patent of the †Lucky Curve† feed, which was claimed to draw excess ink back into the pen body when the pen was not in use. This technology remained the di? erentiating factor for Parker pens until the arrival of the Duofold in the 1930s. 1 2 The forty years period ra nging from 1920s to the 1960s, in the pre ballpoint pen era, was the golden period of Parker Pen’s reign when it consistently ranked either number one or number two in worldwide writing instrument sales. In 1931 Parker Pen created 1 2 Key words and phrases. Parker Pen, fountain pen, ball-point pen. This study was conducted for completion of the group project for Strategy Execution. 1 the Quink (quick drying ink) which eliminated the need for blotting and led to the development of the most widely used pen in history Parker 51 which generated over $400 million in sales. A Parker pen stood for quality, prestige, tradition, steadfastness and strength highlighted by the fact that Parker pens were the pen of choice to sign important documents in history such as the World War II armistices. Parker Pen expanded its business and by 1980s the company had extended up to 154 countries. The company adopted globalization strategy to establish market presence. However the execution of this strategy was unsuccessful; the managers failed to create proper marketing strategies that would have made them compete in international markets with inexpensive products from other parts of the world. In 1993 Parker Pen was acquired by the Gillette Company, which already owned the PaperMate brand, one of the best-selling disposable ballpoints. We will write a custom essay sample on Parker specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Parker specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Parker specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In 2000, Gillette sold the writing instruments division to Newell Rubbermaid, whose own Stationery Division, Sanford, became the largest in the world owning such brand names as Rotring, Sharpie, Reynolds as well as Parker, PaperMate, Waterman and Liquid Paper. In recent years, Parker Pen has abandoned both the entry level market as well as the traditional retail outlets in North America and moved into up-scale luxury retailers. 2 Innovation as a di? erentiation strategy Throughout its history, Parker Pen has used technological innovation as a strategy to di? erentiate itself from the competition. The company has been a pioneer in research on writing instruments and introduced several revolutionary products . In this section, we look at some of the iconic products from Parker Pens which have driven both the company as well as the pen market. (The current portfolio of Parker Pen’s products can be found in Ref. [1]) 2. 1 Duofold 1921 In 1921 the company introduced the Parker Duofold (Ref. [2]) fountain pen. It was a state of the art pen for its time and Parker Pen positioned the Duofold in the premier segment and priced it expensively $7. 00, equivalent to about $85 in 2011. In 1926 the Duofold became the ? rst pen in the world to have a guaranteed life of †forever†. It was an instant success. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle used one to write the exploits of Sherlock Holmes. General Douglas MacArthur signed the document ending World War II in the 2 Paci? c with his 20 year old Duofold (Ref. [3]). By the early 1930s the Duofolds design had grown dated in the USA but it remained popular in Europe until the 1960s. In 1988, Parker launched the Duofold Centennial series of pens. The modern Duofold is a key part of Parker Pens product portfolio. . 2 Quink 1928 In 1928, after three years of research and an investment of $68,000, Parker Pen came up with Quink (a portmanteau word from ’quick’ and ’ink’; also known as Double Quink and Parker 51 Ink) that would eliminate the need for blotting. The success of Quink lay in the fact that it had a number of useful features: it resisted water, it did not clog, it had the desired quality o f ink ? ow, it resisted moulding, it was non-corrosive, it did not leave deposits, it did not fade, and, most importantly, it was quick-drying. However, the new ink was strongly alkaline and contained isopropyl alcohol, a solvent not previously used in inks, which often damaged the pen barrels of that time which were manufactured using pyralin. This problem eventually led to the development of the world’s most successful pen, the Parker 51 in 1941. In 1941, when the Parker 51 was launched, Double Quink was renamed and repackaged as †Parker 51 ink† as a marketing initiative. Parker Pen’s ink sales became the key to maintaining the company’s pro? tability. This revenue generation model is used by the modern day computer printer companies, whose main source of revenue comes from the sale of printer cartridges. Further enhancements were made to Parker Pen inks with its revolutionary †Super Chrome† ink. This ink was marketed in 1947 after a research period that lasted 17 years and cost over $200,000. This was the ? rst basic ink improvement in the last three centuries. Today, more than seventy years later, Quink is still the world’s biggest selling pen ink. 2. 3 Vacumatic 1933 The Parker Vacumatic (Ref. 4]) fountain pen was introduced in 1933, as a replacing the Duofold as Parker’s top-of-the-line product. The Vacumatic featured a new ? lling mechanism which boasted a much higher ink capacity than the Duofold. The pen remained Parkers top-of-the-line product until the launch of the Parker 51 in 1941. The US production continued through 1948, and until 1953 in Canada. 3 2. 4 Parker 51 1941 In 1941 Parker Pen int roduced the Parker 51 (Ref. [5]) which arguably is the best pen of all time both in terms of popularity and sales. General Eisenhower signed the victory in Europe in 1944. The futuristic design of the Parker 51 heralded as †Ten Years Ahead† of its time, a revolutionary pen, with its hooded, tubular nib and multi-? nned collector, all designed to work in conjunction with the pen’s proprietary ink, allowing the nib to stay wet and lay down an even line with either the ultra-fast drying ink or more traditional inks. It was advertised as the ’The Worlds Most Wanted Pen’ which created huge demand which took Parker several years to ful? l. By 1970, the Parker 51 generated over $400 million in sales, higher than that generated by any single pen ever. 2. 5 Jotter 1954 In the 1940, the world had seen a ? erce battle for market share fought between the traditional fountain pens and the new ballpoint pens. Despite some initial success, ballpoint pens died a consumer death and by 1951, the fountain pen became the pen of choice of the world. In 1954, Parker Pens introduced its ? rst ballpoint pen, the Jotter which wrote ? ve times longer than the best ballpoint pens available in the market, the Eversharp and the Reynolds ballpoint pens. It was the introduction of Jotter that revived the ballpoint pen market. Parker sold 3. 5 million Jotters at $2. 5 to $8. 75 in less than one year. In 1957, Parker Pen introduced the T-ball Jotter with tungsten carbide textured ball bearing which to this date remains an industry standard. The famed styling of the Parker Duofold was revived in 1972 as a ball pen and within the next decade, ballpoint pens overtook fountain pen as the number choice of pen in the world. 3 Rise of competition 1980s After about a century of dominating the ? ne writing instrument market, Parker Pen entered into a period of crisis in the 1980s and the reason for this was that the company was driven by the wrong strategy. Parker was facing competition from three fronts. First, the Japanese were mass marketing cheaper and disposable pens and had captured a large portion of the low end market in USA and Europe and were gradually eating into Parker Pen’s market share. Second, like the Japanese, American brands such as Paper Mate, Bic, Pilot, and Pentel had created signi? cance presence in the low end segment and gradually eroding and were pulling away parker Pen’s customer. Third, in the high 4 end segment which had been Parker Pens main target segment, competition had become ? ercer with reputed German brands such as Montblanc and A. T. Cross making progress in the European markets. 4 Globalization strategy 1982 Parker Pen faced two contrasting challenges. On one side the weakened dollar generated high foreign revenue since about 80% of the company’s sales were abroad, the pro? ts derived from those sales represented even big pro? ts when translated to local currency. But on the other side, this over dependency on foreign sales exposed the company to foreign competitors, especially the inexpensive brands from Japan which used low pricing as a strategy to compete in the international market. Parker Pen realized that a competitive strategy based on product di? erentiation through technological innovation was not su? cient to thwart the challenge from competitors. In 1982, James R. Peterson became the CEO of Parker Pen,having joined it from Reynolds. He was given the responsibility of reinventing the brand. Peterson decided to launch a global marketing campaign to target all market segments. A consequence of the decision to adopt globalization was standardization. Everything including products as well as marketing campaign was to be standardized for all the markets across the world. Issues in executing globalization strategy When Peterson took over Parker, he was met by a highly proud, mismanaged company that prided itself on its extensive decentralization. The atmosphere re? ected the founders pride in the fact that they had a unique pen for every place in the world. They were a federation of autonomous geographical units. It became immediately clear to Peterson that huge changes were on the anvil. The immediate problems were twofold. The ? rst was the products positioning. Having positioned itself at the higher end of the market for a signi? ant part of the previous century, it had now began to face problems with regard to its image. It was clear that a complete clarity of its brand positioning and image was essential. The second issue that confronted Peterson was its complete ine? ciency in managing its product portfolio. When Peterson entered Parker, it didnt even have a proper idea of the range of products that it was manufacturing. It was a situation of complete chaos 5 with more than 500 products in simultaneous existence. Its decentralized structure had completely turned against its pro? ability, resulting in every distant subsidiary and distributor involved developing a customized product for that particular market. While the company was proud of its decentralized multinational structure, it was ailing on account of an obvious lack of econom ies of scale and a uni? ed command and strategy. The company clearly lacked a common driving force across markets. However, this decentralization had its positive aspects as well, most notably in the area of advertising. Pens meant and mean di? erent things to di? erent people. While the Europeans tended to choose a pen based on its style and feel, people in less-developed countries tended to see a pen as nothing more than a badge of literacy. Within Europe itself for instance, tastes tended to vary from one country to another. While the French showed a de? nite attachment to the fountain pen, the Scandinavians favoured the ballpoint pen. The company justi? ed the existence of numerous advertising agencies in its employ feeling that while it bred a certain amount of ine? ciency, it paid o? from a sales standpoint. Many individual advertising ? ms were able to develop excellent customized messages for their audience that successfully struck a responsive chord within them. For instance, the Lowe Howard-Spink agency in London was able to make the UK division of Parker the most pro? table division during its tenure. Its creative genius is clearly visible in the advertisement that it created showing a dead plumber with a giant Parker pen protruding from his hear t. The situation seemed bleak to Peterson. He immediately implemented a strategy by which Parker would position itself in the entry-level segment. He felt that in the face of the trends at that time, this would be the ideal positioning that would succeed in turning around the company. He also dissociated Parker from the numerous advertising ? rms that it was associated with, retaining only one, Ogilvy and Mather, to oversee a worldwide common strategy in terms of communication and advertising. However, this strategy failed miserably on two counts. It failed to provide a customized communication strategy to each market and thus failed to account for the cultLural di? erences across geographies. It also failed to leverage the premium positioning of the brand and reduced it to an entry-level brand. 5. 1 Two speci? c cases of execution failures The following examples show two speci? c cases of execution failure by Parker Pen. 6 (a) At a corporate level, Parker Pen targeted almost all market segments. However at the business level, management failed to introduce products which would cover the market segments with middle and lower income levels. This allowed competitors with inexpensive products to take up the market. (b) Some of the marketing campaign failed to adjust to the local environment. For example, when Parker Pen ? rst expanded their market to Latin America, they wanted their advertisement to say, †It won’t leak in your pocket and embarrass you. † The company did not realize that the Spanish word †embarazar † has two meanings; it means †to embarrass,† and it also means to †impregnate. † So, to some unsuspecting people, the ad read: †It won’t leak in your pocket and make you pregnant. † (Ref. [6]) 6 Acquisition of Parker by Gillette and beyond In May 1993, Gillette announced its acquisition of Parker Pen Holdings Ltd (Ref. [7]). (See Exhibit X). This made Gillette the world leader in the pen market. Gillette took an after-tax charge of $164 million for a reorganization of its overseas operations, including the integration of the Parker Pen facilities into the Gillette structure. Nearly 2000 jobs were lost as a result of this restructuring process. Gillette sold the writing instruments division to Newell Rubbermaid, whose own stationery division, Sanford became the largest in the world with brand names such as Rotring, Sharpie, Reynolds as well as Parker, PaperMate, Waterman and Liquid Paper under its umbrella. The next few years were one of a complete downsizing of Parker, marked by job losses across the board. In July 2009, the 180 workers at the Parker headquarters of Newhaven, UK were given notice that the factory was going to be shut down on account of the production moving to France. On August 18, 2009, Newell Rubbermaid announced that Janesville Wisconsin would close the remaining operations of Parker. This resulted in the loss of 153 jobs. According to the company, †This decision is a response to structural issues accelerated by market trends and is in no way a re? ction on the highly valued work performed by our Janesville employees over the years. † Newell Rubbermaid stated an o? er of transitional employment services and severance bene? ts. What remained of the Parker brand was moved to the upscale segment of the writing instrument market and was sold via luxury retailers. Traditional retail outlets were abandoned. This completely removed the brand from the entry leve l segment of the market. 7 In 2011, Parker Pen announced the ? nest innovation in the history of writing, Parker 5TH Technology which o? ers a genuine ? th way of writing. Until then the world knew only four forms of ? ne writing fountain pen, ball point, roller ball and the mechanical pencil. ground-breaking innovation has rea? rmed placed Parker as leaders in terms of both innovation and market share. 7 7. 1 Exhibits Financial statement 8 7. 2 Product display Duofold Lucky 8 Limited Edition Ingenuity Parker 51 9 7. 3 Current product portfolio TABLE I T ype Ink Quink Fountain Pen Duofold, Premier, Sonnet, Vector, IM Ballpoint pen 7. 4 M odel Facet, Executive, Esprit, Frontier, Urban, I. M. , Vector Jotter Acquisition of Parker by Gillette References [1] http://parkerpens. net/catalogue/parker catalogue 2009. pdf [2] http://www. parkerpen. com/en/discovery/range/iconic/duofold [3] http://www. patricktaylor. com/parker-duofold [4] http://www. vintagepens. com/Parker Vacumatics. shtml [5] http://www. pentrace. net/penbase/Data Returns/full article. asp? id=468 [6] http://parkerpens. blogspot. com/2007/09/advertizing-campaings-that-wentwrong. html [7] http://www. nytimes. com/1993/05/08/business/company-news-gillette-completesacquisition-of-parker-pen. html 10